The Impact of Changing Social Networks and Cultural Displacement on Gentrification: Examining Urban Social Change

Authors

  • Mussarat Hussain Lecturer, Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7395-8541
  • Yusra Javed M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Iqra Afzal M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Muhammad Mobeen School of Integrated Climate System Sciences (SICSS), University of Hamburg, Germany. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0399-1826
  • Tauqeer Ahmed Lak Lecturer, Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Sargodha, Pakistan. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8230-7679

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62997/psi.2025a-41082

Keywords:

Gentrification, Cultural Displacement, Social Capital, Urban Sociology, Community Networks, Urban Change

Abstract

Despite increasing presence of gentrification in the urban redevelopment in the world, the social implications of gentrification have not been severely looked into in the Pakistani setting. This paper examines a combination of influences of the transformation of social networks and cultural displacement in the experience of gentrification in the sample urban neighborhoods of Pakistan. The study is conducted on a quantitative methodological basis in the form of a survey, which expounds on how socio-spatial reorganization influences community relations, cultural identification and belongingness among the long term locals. Using the answers given by 250 respondents selected in three gentrifying communities, the results demonstrate that there are significant correlations between impoverished interpersonal relations, perceived cultural degeneration and experiences of alienation. The study is a contribution to the literature on gentrification as the study proposes a context-sensitive analysis based on the Pakistan urban realities that entangle the concept of gentrification with the class, informality, and kinship networks, as regards the greater development agendas. Through empirical data, this study will help point out the social aspects of gentrification, which is important to guide urban policymakers and planners when it comes to the issue of inclusive and culturally sensitive urban development.

Author Biography

  • Yusra Javed, M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.

    Corresponding Author: yusramalik2626@gmail.com

References

Afandi, I. N. (2018). Psychosocial Effect of Gentrification in Indonesia. KnE Social Sciences, 3(5), 332–341. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i5.2341

Ahmad, M. (2022). Infrastructure, development, and displacement in Pakistan’s “Southern Punjab”. Antipode, 54(2), 491–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12816

Arısoy, A., & Paker, N. (2019). Bridging and bonding social capital in gentrifying neighborhoods: The case of Yeldeğirmeni district in Istanbul. ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2019.67944

Arsam, M., Macktoom, S., Rizvi, K., & Anwar, N. H. Winning the battle, losing the war: Land displacement and the limits of legal empowerment in urban Pakistan. In Legal Empowerment in Informal Settlements (pp. 212-232). Routledge.

Beck, K. (2024). Gentrification and neighborhood housing wealth: How gentrification reproduces the racial stratification of urban neighborhoods. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241234645

Cole, H. V. S., Mehdipanah, R., Gullón, P., & Triguero-Mas, M. (2021). Breaking down and building up: Gentrification, its drivers, and urban health inequality. Current Environmental Health Reports, 8(2), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-021-00309-5

Diamond, A. J., & Sugrue, T. J. (Eds.). (2020). Neoliberal cities: The remaking of postwar urban America. NYU Press.

Díaz-Parra, I., & Hernández-Cordero, A. (2023). Gentrification studies and cultural colonialism: Discussing connections between historic city centers of Mexico and Spain. Journal of Urban Affairs, 46(6), 1110–1124. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2022.2144336

Du, T., Fertner, C., Jiang, W., Andersen, L. M., & Vejre, H. (2023). Understanding the change in the social networks of residential groups affected by urban renewal. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 98, Article 106970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2022.106970

Erol, I., & Unal, U. (2022). Internal migration and house prices in Australia. Regional Studies, 57(7), 1207–1222. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2022.2106363

Ghertner, D. A. (2015). Rule by aesthetics: World-class city making in Delhi. Oxford University Press.

Golio, A. J. (2025). Whose neighborhood now? Gentrification and community life in low-income urban neighborhoods. Social Problems. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spaf014

Gonzalez-Argote, J., & Maldonado, E. J. (2024). Displacement as a social problem and its relationship to gentrification. Gentrification, 2, 67. https://doi.org/10.62486/gen202467

Hasan, A. (2015). Land contestation in Karachi and the impact on housing and urban development. Environment and Urbanization, 27(1), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247814567263

Hasan, A. (2015). Value extraction from land and real estate in Karachi. In L. Lees, H. B. Shin, & E. López-Morales (Eds.), Global Gentrifications: Uneven Development and Displacement (pp. 181–198). Chapter, Bristol University Press.

Hyra, D. S. (2015). The back-to-the-city movement: Neighbourhood redevelopment and processes of political and cultural displacement. Urban Studies, 52(10), 1753–1773. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014539403

Kaviraj, S. (1997). Filth and the public sphere: Concepts and practices about space in Calcutta. Public Culture, 10(1), 83–113. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-10-1-83

Khan, D. (2025). Reformulating theories of ‘accumulation by dispossession’: ‘Contested accumulations through displacement’ in postcolonial Punjab, Pakistan. Environment & Planning A, 57(2–3), 203–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x241311426

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308

Lees, L. (2024). Planetary gentrification and urban authoritarianism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 48(4), 729–737. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13240

Lees, L., Shin, H. B., & López-Morales, E. (2016). Planetary gentrification. Polity Press.

Liang, X., Chen, L., Lyu, M., Tian, Y., & Ye, C. (2024). A network lens on social costs: Demolishing a historic street for a new subway station. In arXiv [physics.soc-ph]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.10952

Lown, J. (2025). Spectres of gentrification: Towards a hauntological framework for exploring the impacts of gentrification. Urban Studies, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241306087

Malik, A. M. (2023). Conservation challenges in preservation of cultural heritage of Pakistan: The case of Maryam Zamani Mosque. Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 5(1), 358–368. https://pjsr.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/39.-Vol.-5-No.-1-March-2023-Malik-Naz-Imran-Conservation-Challenges-in-Preservation-of-Cultural-Heritage-of-Pakistan.pdf

Mauro, G., Pedreschi, N., Lambiotte, R., & Pappalardo, L. (2024). Dynamic models of gentrification. In arXiv [physics.soc-ph]. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2410.18004

Parnell, S., & Pieterse, E. (2010). The ‘Right to the City’: Institutional Imperatives of a Developmental State: Institutional imperatives of a developmental state. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 34(1), 146–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00954.x

Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Touchstone Books/Simon & Schuster. https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990

Qadeer, M. A. (2006). Pakistan: Social and cultural transformations in a Muslim nation. Routledge.

Sengupta, U., & Nielsen, K. B. (2025). The politics of urban land in South Asia: Current challenges and new directions. Routledge.

Smith, N. (1996). The new urban frontier: Gentrification and the revanchist city. Routledge.

Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking spatial justice. University of Minnesota Press.

Yasir, M., & Farooq, A. (2024). Socio cultural consequences of urban sprawl: A case study of Dera Ismail Khan (Pakistan). Journal of Asian Development Studies, 13(1), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.1.5

Zukin, S. (2010). Naked city: The death and life of authentic urban places. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195382853.001.0001

Downloads

Published

2025-03-30

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Hussain, M., Javed, Y., Afzal, I., Mobeen, M., & Lak, T. A. (2025). The Impact of Changing Social Networks and Cultural Displacement on Gentrification: Examining Urban Social Change. ProScholar Insights, 4(1), 274-285. https://doi.org/10.62997/psi.2025a-41082